The working principle of a hydraulic motor is based on Pascal's Law. High-pressure hydraulic oil drives an internal rotor or vanes to rotate, converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Its output torque is directly proportional to the hydraulic system pressure, while the speed is controlled by the flow rate. Therefore, stepless speed regulation can be achieved by adjusting the hydraulic pump's displacement or valve opening. Based on structural differences, hydraulic motors can be divided into three main categories: gear type, vane type, and piston type:
Gear type: Simple structure, low cost, suitable for low-speed, low-torque applications, such as the transmission systems of agricultural machinery;
Vane type: Small size, fast response, commonly used in machine tool feed systems or light automated equipment;
Piston type: High pressure, high torque, the core component of the slewing mechanism in construction machinery (such as excavators and cranes).
